If you think about this fee like "tariffs for service workers" then it's easier to infer its impact. Tariff distorts prices. That might be a good thing or not. Monopolies and dominant big tech will be able to absorb this cost better -- they already have huge legal departments and HR, and can pay for the cost as long as they can accelerated things with fees. startups, smaller players and universities will be less likely to be able to afford that. You already see this in H1B market, just to a less extent. More STEM immigrants could move to tech/finance (not that it's not already this case) because that's already the only place any H1B job can be found. You're not going to find a small brewery job recruiting H1B.

Another possibility is this cost gets shared with the workers who are desperate to get a job and supresses real H1B wages even more-- it's already quota controlled. Hey, what are you going to do if you don't get a raise, give up on your life in this country or pay 100k to move?

As always, the best way of protect labor is better regulations and maybe unions.